Integrasi Etika Ekologis: Rekonstruksi Fikih Lingkungan Berbasis Qawa’id Fiqhiyyah terhadap Fenomena Deforestasi di Indonesia

Abstract

Natural ecosystems are fundamental to maintaining a global balance between nature, living beings, and humanity. This study aims to analyze strategies for ecosystem restoration due to deforestation, evaluate environmental phenomena through the lens of Islamic law, and provide an environmental fiqh analysis regarding the neglect of qawā‘id fiqhiyyah (Islamic legal maxims). The research addresses a gap in existing literature, which often focuses on general maqasid sharia or descriptive environmental fiqh without specifically addressing how the neglect of legal maxims leads to ecological destruction (mafsadah). Utilizing a qualitative normative legal method with a library research approach, this study examines primary sources such as the Qur'an, Hadith, and classical fiqh texts alongside contemporary Indonesian literature and national regulations, specifically Law No. 41 of 1999. The results indicate that restoring ecosystems and prioritizing public welfare (maslahah) are mandatory under Islamic law; consequently, illegal logging is a criminal act subject to ta’zir sanctions because it disrupts life's balance and causes significant societal loss. Furthermore, the analysis demonstrates that qawā‘id fiqhiyyah, such as lā ḍarar wa lā ḍirār (do no harm), provides valid and contextually relevant legal solutions for environmental crises. This study contributes a new theoretical framework for "adaptive environmental fiqh" that balances economic needs with ecological preservation, offering practical recommendations for policymakers and educators to prevent disasters like flash floods. Ultimately, this research enriches contemporary Islamic discourse in Indonesia by integrating classical doctrines with urgent empirical issues like deforestation and climate change.